SWFGD Technology
The seawater flue gas desulfurization (SWFGD) process refers to absorption and neutralization of SO2 in the flue gas by tapping on the natural features of seawater. SafBon SWFGD technology is a reliable and highly-efficient technology with self-owned intellectual property.
The SWFGD process is safe and harmless to the sea and the atmosphere environment, since it does not produce any desulfurization by-products or cause secondary pollution. In addition, the technology required in this system is simple but efficient resulting in lower investment and power consumption but yields high SO2 removal rate (> 95%) which is higher than the conventional FGD technologies. SWFGD is generally accepted as the most simple and economical FGD choice for thermal power plant in the coastal areas.
SafBon Research
In 2007, SafBon started the key project of the National High-tech R&D Program, named “Large-sized Coal-fired Power Station Boiler Sea water-FGD Technology and Demonstration”. Through lots of research work and projects, the seawater-FGD technology for large-sized coal-fired power station boiler and its engineering design software package with self-owned intellectual property was developed.
SWFGD Process Flow Diagram
SWFGD Technical Characteristics
The main chemical reactions in the SWFGD process is shown as follows:
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SO2 (g) ↔ SO2 (aq)
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SO2 (aq) + H2O ↔ HSO3- + H+
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HSO3-↔ SO32- + H+
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CO32- + H+↔ HCO3-
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HCO3- + H+ ↔ CO2 (g) + H2O
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SO32- + 1/2O2 → SO42-
With the adoption of SafBon SWFGD technology, the treated gas and discharged seawater qualities are designed as follows:
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High SO2 Removal Efficiency: ≥ 95%
(Outlet SO2 Concentration: <35 mg/Nm3)
The treated flue gas quality:
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Dust emission ≤ 5 mg/Nm3
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SO2 emission ≤ 35 mg/Nm3
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NOX emission ≤ 50 mg/Nm3
Discharge Seawater quality:
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pH ≥ 6.8
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DO ≥ 3 mg/L
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SO32- Oxidation Rate ≥ 90%
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Increment of CODMn ≤ 2.5 mg/L
SWFGD Achievement
After years of development SafBon professional team has developed excellent expertise and experience in technology R&D, system design, equipment configuration, construction, commissioning, operation and after-sales services, In the environmental protection field of large boiler seawater flue gas desulfurization, SafBon is the domestic leader in China with almost 84% market share and is targeting to be the world leader in this field soon.
This SWFGD solution has been certified as the “Ultra clean emission” solution for coal fired power plants and will be part of China’s national energy conservation and emission reduction plan.
System Overview
CNG refers to compressed natural gas,which means the low pressure gas is pressurized to 25 MPa and becomes a high-pressure natural gas.
The liquefied natural gas (LNG) is transported to the filling station which is then purified, pressurized and dehydrated. It will then be passed through the sequence control panel and fed into the gas storage system where it is measured and used by external users through the filling machine.
Process Flow Diagram of the CNG Regulator Station with Gas Storage Device
Major Component
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Natural gas regulator metering system
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Natural gas purification system
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Natural gas compression system
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Natural gas storage system
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CNG filling system
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Control system
Technical Features
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LNG fueling stations will not only fuel LNG vehicles but with the installation of a simple high pressure pump and vaporizer, they can also generate high quality CNG gas in the same station for different applications.
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CNG generated from LNG is called LCNG. Both LNG and LCNG can be delivered at the same single station.
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A LNG/LCNG fueling station is more flexible than a single functional NG fueling station since it provides service to short fueling range vehicles and also long fueling range LNG vehicles.
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When a natural gas vehicle (NGV) fueling station is planned, it will typically be both a LNG and LCNG combined station and is depicted in the following diagram.
The Filling Stations of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
Applications
The CNG filling station is primarily used for refilling cars which use the natural gas as fuel. This technology has been successfully applied to the Huoqiu, Anhui LNG filling station and more such stations throughout China.
The Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) Fueling Station
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
LNG is natural gas extracted and purified from gas fields, and then pressurized to liquefied natural gas at temperatures below -162°C.
LNG is colorless, odorless, non-toxic and non-corrosive, and is about 1/600 the volume of the same amount of gaseous natural gas. Its weight is approximate about 45% that of water.
LNG Gasification Station Process Flow Diagram
LNG/L-CNG Fueling Station
LNG/L-CNG filling device is consisted of LNG storage tank, immersed pump, fluid adding machine, cryogenic column piston pump and skid-mounted high pressure vaporized skid, boil off gas (BOG) vaporizer, escape air gas (EAG) vaporizer, BOG buffer tank, BOG compressor, sequence control panel, storage cylinder set, gas dispenser, pipeline and valves. The station control system includes programmable logic controller (PLC) control system, gas alarm system, instrument air system and BOG collecting control system.
L-CNG Fueling Station Components
In L-CNG fueling stations, the major equipments are the LNG storage tank, LNG truck unloading system, LNG saturation heater, high pressure positive displacement pumps, high pressure LNG vaporizers, CNG storage bottle bundle/priority controls, odorant injection, dispenser and control systems.
Application
This technology has been successfully applied to the Honggang city gas project, Jiugongshan city gas project and other projects in China.
3D View of the LNG Unloading Skid
1. Local Control Panel; 2. Preset-Controller; 3. Loading Arm; 4. Mass Flow Meter
System Overview
Primary energy is combined by various conversion methods in the combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system, which can directly provide electricity to water chillers, heating systems, steam generators and other terminal energy services systems for users in an economical and efficient manner. The energy can be integrated and optimized with cold, heat and electricity production technologies.
Technical Features
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The energy efficiency is up to 80%;
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Clean energy and sustainable, without extra contamination;
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System capacity is flexible with good economics.
Flow Diagram of Energy Cascade Utilization
Application
As a result of China's electrical market reform and policies to promote combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP), SafBon has completed numerous distributed energy projects that can meet the increasing demand of various clients. These projects provide industrial parks, commercial buildings, and other industrial and commercial customers with comprehensive energy solutions via CCHP.
The CCHP station technology is applied in:
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Hotels, hospitals and other building types;
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Area types of natural gas distributed energy projects;
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Biomass gas distributed energy projects;
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Industrial waste gas distributed energy projects.
NG Regulator Station
SafBon’s natural gas (NG) regulator station can be divided into the boosting station and the reducing station with a carefully designed system device to boost and reduce the pressure of fuel gas in the pipes of the fuel gas network. It is a highly integrated system which incorporates clean filtering, boosting, reducing, metering, temperature control, leaking, alarming and data acquisition monitoring for fuel gas. It is used to condition and control the pressure, temperature, and flow of the natural gas while cleaning and filtering the stabilized fuel provided to customers and gas equipment which requires such fuel.
Pressure Reducing Valves Operational Schematic
Functional Specifications
The system shall be designed for the following requirements:
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Supply of fuel gas (natural gas) to two gas turbines at sufficient flow, quality and pressure.
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Separation of dust and fluid impurities from the fuel gas by the first filtering stage.
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Measurement of flow rate and gas composition for calorific value calculations.
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Preheating of the fuel gas to avoid the formation of condensates at the pressure reduction stage and in the transfer pipeline to gas turbines, in an indirect heater.
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Reduction of pressure at the pressure regulating station.
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Recording of the fuel gas consumption of each gas turbine by a turbine meter individually at each gas turbine.
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Protection of the gas turbines by final filters.
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Protection of the system from over pressure.
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Monitoring for gas leakage.
Technical Features
The NG regulator station consists of the following thirteen main parts:
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Unit 1 Emergency stop valve at the inlet to the gas system
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Unit 2 Knock out drum and filter
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Unit 3 Orifice meter
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Unit 4 Gas pressure regulator station
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Unit 5 Fuel gas compressors
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Unit 6 Fuel gas heater
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Unit 7 Outlet safety cut-off
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Unit 8 Condensate collection and disposal system
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Unit 9 Nitrogen purging system
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Unit 10 Instrument control instructions
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Unit 11 Relief piping system
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Unit 12 Surface treatment and paint
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Unit 13 Leakage detection and fire warning & control system
Centrifugal Compressor
Application
The NG regulator station technology is mainly applied in:
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CCPP(Combined Cycle Power Plants);
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Power plants that use nature gas as fuel;
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The industries that use natural gas as fuel;
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Gas fired boilers;
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CCHP(combined cooling, heating and power systems);
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City gas and natural gas transmission pipelines.
System Overview
SafBon can provide the natural gas long-distance pipeline investment as well as the services of its construction and operation. In order to develop the natural gas long-distance pipeline and city gas pipeline network in both construction and operation, SafBon has improved its ability in carrying out the project construction from upstream to downstream industries.
Applications
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The gas transmission lines from the neighboring cities.
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The gas transmission lines from the oil and gas gathering station.
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The gas transmission lines from the coal gas plant gas gathering station.
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The gas transmission lines from artificial gas plants, coking plants, petrochemical plants.
Seawater desalination, which is the production of fresh water from saline water, is a water treatment technology used for fresh water resources utilization. Reverse osmosis (RO) desalination is a reliable technology which produces large amount of fresh water with relatively low costs. With the desalination technology, SafBon guarantees the stable supply of potable water and industrial water to municipalities, power, oil & gas, mining, resorts and other industries.
Over the years, SafBon has been active in the field of desalination. Since SafBon has forayed into the desalination business field, the SafBon desalination expertise, experiences and technologies utilized has improved tremendously. SafBon has enhanced desalination capabilities which are very cost efficient. Furthermore, SafBon utilizes membrane desalination technologies with SafBon own dissolved air flotation (DAF) and ceramic flat membrane (CFM) products which provide extremely good protection of the RO installation against organic fouling and scaling.
Pre-treatment Process
To minimize the impact of membrane fouling, which reduces membrane performances and lifetimes, pre-treatment process is required. There are several types of fouling process, including colloidal fouling, inorganic salt scaling and bio-fouling. This is also affected by the plant location, the intake seawater type and the seasonal variations. As a result, the raw water may contain significant amount of suspended solids (SS), colloidal pollution and dissolved organic pollution.
The pre-treatment process SafBon uses includes DAF and traditional coagulation, sedimentation and filtration. The SafBon DAF shows higher removal rate in low density contaminants (density < H2O, such as plankton, algae and oil) removal than the conventional processes. The CFM application in filtration process, results in following benefits:
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Longer lifetime: 3-5 times longer;
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Higher flux: 2-10 times higher;
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Less chemical consumption: 50% less;
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Less energy consumption: 50% less;
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High recovery rate: up to 98%;
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Less back-wash: once per day, only 120 s needed;
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Higher mechanical strength: easy for cleaning.
RO Desalination Characteristics
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Flexible optional pre-treatment processes available for specific conditions;
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Automated desalination plants;
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Suitable in seawater, brackish water and industrial water treatment;
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Small footprint;
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Facilitates operation and maintenance;
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Minimize energy and chemical consumption;
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Capacity: 1,000 m3/day per unit;
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The produced fresh water meets the requirements of irrigation water, industrial water, even the drinking (WHO standard) water standards;
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Application of the advanced recovery systems to minimize the energy loss.
RO Desalination Advantages
Owing to the rapid development of membrane technology in recent decades, SWRO has been widely applied with its significant advantages:
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Low energy consumption;
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Low chemical consumption;
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High recovery rate of fresh water;
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Low maintenance costs;
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Green financing.
Containerized Desalination Technology
Modular seawater desalination system is an integrated, compact and convenient desalination product. It is composed of seawater pretreatment, seawater pressurization and reverse osmosis (RO) desalination, reprocessing, and chemical cleaning. The product capacity is 50-500 t/d and is a SafBon solution for smaller desalination systems compared to the larger desalination systems SafBon offers.
Desalination Integrated in Containers
Suitable Waters for Application
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Drinking water supply off the coast;
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Ship & yacht water supply;
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Offshore drilling platform for water supply;
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Island development and construction of water;
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Water for emergency and disaster relief.
Product Features
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Highly integrated;
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Convenient for storage and transportation;
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Automatic system;
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Small footprint and investment;
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Efficient with high recovery rates.
SafBon Hazardous Waste Treatment Technology
SafBon is committed to providing safe, reliable, efficient and environmental-friendly hazardous waste treatment technology, including a full range of solutions. The "combined with rotary kiln secondary combustion chamber" incineration technology is the mainstream of hazardous waste disposal technology that mainly used in industrial waste, hazardous waste, medical waste and other solid waste incineration.
Incineration Technical features
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Wide applicability. The rotary kiln can deal with all kinds of industrial solid wastes with different properties and calorific value at the same time.
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The burning process of the mature rotary kiln. The two combustion chambers can form a good "3T" (temperature, time, agitation) burning conditions and the waste is decomposed and burnt completely.
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Two combustion chamber design temperature is between 1100°C and 1300°C, and the flue gas retention time is greater than 2 seconds which allows the dioxin to be completely broken down.
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With the process of dry de-acid and wet scrubbing, the removal rate of HCl is 99.9%, and the removal rate of SOx is 99.3%. Dry de-acid can effectively prevent the corrosion of paste bag and metal structure.
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Bag filter with three compartment design, online and offline cleaning can be achieved.
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Lime and activated carbon supply is automatically.
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The pre-cooling section design can not only guarantee the optimum temperature of the wet air, but also helps avoid the low temperature corrosion.
The drying process is essential in all types of sludge disposal methods. The thin film sludge dryer can be applied for municipal sludge, industrial sludge and chemical sludge drying. It can be combined with incineration, landfill and other technologies to meet the waste reduction as well as other resource requirements surrounding waste management.
Technology of Sludge Drying Combined with Power Generation
In this particular application, the sludge from municipal sewage treatment plant is converted into biofuel by drying. The dry sludge is transported to a thermal power plant for power production. Meanwhile, the heat required for drying is the waste steam from the thermal power plant. The superiority of this application lies in the full use of social resources and social division of labor to solve sludge problem. It forms a complete market-oriented and sustainable development business application.
The sludge drying combined with power generation technology includes one-stage and two sludge drying processes.
One- stage Sludge Drying Process
The process mainly includes several units:
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The sludge receive, storage and transportation unit
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The sludge drying unit
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The tail gas treatment unit
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The biological/chemical deodorant unit
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The dry sludge storage and transportation unit
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The steam unit
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The electrical, instrument and control unit
In the one-stage sludge drying process, the sludge storage and drying is operated under closed negative pressure resulting in no odor. The drying process utilizes the advanced thin film sludge dryer, and recovers the heat of waste gas as well minimizes energy consumption and costs. In addition, the process is flexible, one-stage drying process can reduce moisture content to 30~45%.
Process of One-Stage Sludge Drying Combined with Power Generation
Two - stage Sludge Drying Process
The process mainly includes several units:
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The sludge receiving, storage and feeding unit;
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The primary thin film drying unit
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The waste gas and waste heat recovery unit
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The secondary belt drying unit
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The deodorant unit
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The dry sludge storage and transportation unit
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The steam unit
The two-stage sludge drying process completely uses the waste heat obtained from the primary drying system. With the integration of energy recovery, the operational costs can be reduced. In the process, the sludge in the plasticization stage is made into particles to avoid dust generation. With this two-stage drying process, the sludge can be completely dried. The operational temperature is below 110°C, which ensures the safety of the equipment and the operators.
Process of Two-Stage Sludge Drying Combined with Power Generation
Petrochemical Sludge Drying and Incineration Technology
In this application, the petrochemical sludge drying and incineration technology uses the advanced thin film sludge dryer to realize the high efficiency heat drying of sludge and effectively improve the calorific value of sludge.
Thin film sludge dryer has an inert system, special seal structure and multiple emergency safety assurance measures can provide the system with high safety and reliability.
In view of the characteristics of oily sludge, the two section incineration system of "rotary kiln and two combustion chambers" is used for the full combustion of all the combustible materials in the sludge.
The system completely recovers the energy generated in the sludge incineration process, and uses it in thin film sludge dryer. Such an act enables the system to satisfy the vast majority of dry energy consumption. Using "dry and wet" method to treat the tail gas, tail gas standardized emissions is achieved.
Hi-Tower Regeneration Technology
The condensate polishing system is placed between condensate pumps and low pressure feed water heaters. Hydrogen (H-OH) type deep bed polishers with high speeds are applied widely in the system. Typically, the flow rate of the polisher is 100 meters per hour.
The hi-tower separation method is employed in the external regeneration system when the amount of cross-contamination (i.e., cation resin exposed to caustic and anion resin exposed to acid during regeneration phase) must be kept to minimum. This improves the quality of treated condensate. With the high vessel separation system, the cross-contamination percentage can be minimized, it produces very low ion leakage from the resin and high quality polished condensate.
Hi-tower Regeneration System combines the resin separation tower (SPT), the cation resin regeneration, the storage tower (CRT), the anion resin regeneration tower (ART) and the other auxiliary equipment such as flush pump, roots blower, acid (alkali) storage and dosing equipment etc.
Deep Bed Condensate Polishing System
The patented hi-tower separation technology has the following features:
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Unique structure of the collector at the bottom of the mixed bed ensures resin transfer rate of more than 99.99%.
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Unique design of the regeneration device avoids flow concentration and ensures stable resin interface.
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Resin interface detector ensures high resin separation rate meaning the rate of anion resin contained in cation resin is less than 0.1% and the rate of cation resin contained in anion resin is less than 0.07%.
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High separation rate ensures long hydrogen cycle and ammonia cycle runs. Thus in order to protect the mixed bed and its resins, the pre-filters are available based on the requirements of the main equipment specifications. SafBon can also provide pleated filter elements and filter strainers.
Deep Bed Condensate Polishing System
Powder Coated Technology
Chinese National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) advocates that the newly built power plants adopt air cooling units in the northern areas of China where water resources are deficient. To adhere to this policy, SafBon carried out intensive research and development of the requirements for powder coated (powdered resin) condensate polisher.
The features of the powder coated filter includes: large operating capacity; effective removal of corrosion products from the thermodynamic system; and ferric oxide removal rates of 95% or higher.
Powder coated filter utilizes powdered resin with high regeneration rates, and this is coated on the filter element surface and can be used both for ultrafiltration (UF) and ion exchange.
We also can use this technology to treat oily condensate with powdered activated carbon demonstrating a variety of successful applications. SafBon provides: cation or anion powdered resin, fiber powder and proportionally mixed powdered resin matched with powder coated filter; special cartridge (stainless steel core and PP (polypropylene) wound yarn) with micro ratings of 5 μm, 10 μm or 20 μm.
Site View of Powder Coated Filter